But once they began antiretroviral treatment, their outlook changed. Modern HIV medications cannot cure the virus, but they stop it from multiplying and reduce viral load to undetectable levels. When someone’s viral load is undetectable, they cannot transmit HIV sexually—a principle known as U=U.
Despite these medical advances, global progress is at risk. Funding cuts have disrupted clinics, reduced access to testing, and caused medication shortages, especially in high-prevalence regions. Without reliable prevention and treatment, experts warn infections could rise significantly.
Certain groups continue to face higher risk, including people who inject drugs, sex workers, transgender individuals, men who have sex with men, prison populations, and young women in parts of Africa. Many specialized clinics serving these communities have closed, worsening barriers to care.
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